Leucine Structure

Leucine is an essential amino acid, meaning that the substance cannot be naturally produced in the human body, and that it has to be ingested in food sources. Leucine is an important constituent in proteins, and is involved in the regulation of blood-sugar levels, and in the repair and growth of bones, muscles and skin. Given its ability to enhance muscular abilities and delay fatigue, leucine is marketed as a dietary supplement, targeted toward bodybuilders, athletes, and people who engage in physically straining activities frequently. The amino acid is also added to certain foods as a taste enhancer, because of its distinct flavor.

Proteins

• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are large molecules used in tissue repair and regeneration in living organisms. A protein molecule is formed when a series of amino acids are linked together to form a chain; in the body, 20 amino acids are commonly found in protein molecules. The structure of an amino acid consists of an amino group and an acidic carboxyl group.

  A protein molecule containing the amino acid leucine can be broken down into its constituent building blocks so that the amino acids can be used in the body for different metabolic processes.

Intake

• Leucine is consumed as protein. A process known as hydrolysis breaks up larger protein molecules in the body to give the amino acids that were used in the protein's chain structure. The hydrolysis process supplies leucine, which is then used in muscle tissue, adipose tissue and the liver. Leucine in the body augments the function of various body processes, including the control of a balanced level of blood glucose. As such, in people with diabetes, increasing the intake of proteins leads to health benefits.

Muscle

• Leucine helps muscle tissue in the body by minimizing the effects of wear and tear, delaying fatigue and helping with stamina. Leucine supports production of muscle proteins, which are able to enhance the structure of the tissue by adding more mass. The effects of leucine in muscle performance are particularly evident in physically straining situations, where the muscles are exerted more than they are under normal circumstances. An adequate amount of leucine also helps in faster healing of scratches and small wounds.

Source

• Leucine is commonly found in foods that are rich in proteins, such as milk products, eggs, whole grains, pork, beef, chicken, pulses and leaf vegetables. High intake of leucine, although not toxic in most cases, may result in higher levels of ammonia in the body. A vitamin deficiency disease known as pellagra may be linked with high levels of leucine in the body.

Deficiency

• Leucine deficiency is rare because many foods are rich in proteins that can be broken down into the amino acid. In some cases, individuals on a predominantly vegetarian diet may lack adequate sources of protein, and show symptoms of leucine deficiency. In such cases, the individuals may experience fatigue with little physical activity. Other symptoms include dizziness, irritability and frequent headaches. Leucine deficiency may be corrected by increasing protein intake and taking supplements.