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Nutrition & Life Cycles

Humans require the same nutrients throughout their lifespan. The amount of specific nutrients varies at different stages in the life cycle and varies according to gender, activity level and growth. Certain health conditions and diseases similarly alter nutritional requirements.

  1. Infancy & Toddler Age

    • Infants require the highest nutrient needs per kilogram of body weight. Breast milk, the optimal choice, or iron-fortified formula satisfies the primary nutrition needs for infants through their first year.

    Children

    • Proper growth and development are prime concerns for small children and nutrient needs vary according to age and activity level. Preschool children need 1000 to 1400 calories per day while older children, ages four to eight years need 1200 to 2000 calories per day. Good nutrition can prevent the development of dental cavities, iron-deficiency anemia and obesity.

    Adolescence

    • Rapid growth during puberty demands adequate calories, protein, calcium and vitamin D. The onset of menstruation in girls and additional muscle mass in boys augments iron requirements. Sexual maturation increases the importance of zinc. Preteens need even higher calorie levels, up to 3200 calories for highly active boys.

    Adults

    • Adult nutrition emphasizes chronic disease prevention; poor nutrition contributes to osteoporosis, heart disease, obesity and cancer. Pregnancy and lactation raise energy, fluid, protein, calcium, iron, folate, vitamin A and vitamin B12 needs.

    Seniors

    • While energy needs decrease, protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements do not. Seniors should continue to have a diet that includes nutrient dense foods like whole grain breads, colorful fruits and vegetables, low fat or nonfat dairy foods and lean meats.

    Considerations

    • Nutritional needs throughout the life cycle are highly individualized and should consider environmental factors, medical conditions and personal health goals. For optimal nutrition, talk to a physician or a registered dietitian for a nutritional assessment.

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