Types of Antioxidants

Antioxidants play a key role in maintaining good health. Obtained from whole foods such as fruits and vegetables or in supplement form, antioxidants combat the effects of free radicals, molecules that cause oxidation and inflammation in your body. Antioxidants can also be used in the treatment of a number of health conditions. Types of antioxidants include vitamins, minerals, flavonoids and enzymes, according to the National Institutes of Health's MedlinePlus website.

Vitamins

• Vitamins such as A, B, C, D and K play key roles in offsetting the effect of oxidation in your body. Found in fresh whole foods of all food groups, but especially fruits and vegetables, vitamins can help reduce inflammation, regulate brain chemistry, strengthen the immune system and improve elasticity and circulation. Vitamin supplementation can also support conventional medical treatment for a variety of diseases.

Minerals

• Minerals such as selenium, zinc and magnesium also help to strengthen the immune system and combat the effects of oxidation. Found particularly in fish, poultry and some vegetables, these antioxidants offer essential protection against inflammation and infection. Mineral supplements such as zinc can be purchased separately or as part of a multivitamin compound.

Flavonoids

• In addition to many vitamins, plants and plant derivatives also contain flavonoids, a powerful class of antioxidants. Flavonoids such as quercetin found in fruit skins; xanthohumol in hops and beer; and genistein, an isoflavone in soy, provide protection against coronary artery disease, cancer and atherosclerosis. Many flavonoids are found in beverages such as beer, tea and wine, which might account for most flavonoid consumption in the United States, says the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University.

Enzymes

• The human body produces numerous antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione and catalase. These enzymes can also be taken directly as supplements. Minerals such as selenium and zinc form the building blocks of antioxidant enzymes, so a diet rich in these elements indirectly supports the formation of protective enzymes in your body.

Antioxidant Supplements Cautions

• Taking supplements in high doses can be harmful, and taking just one supplement alone doesn't offer complete protection. The Food and Drug Administration does not oversee or regulate the production of supplements, so the quality of supplements available can vary widely, and products can be marketed with limited research on safety and effectiveness, says WebMD. Likewise, supplements can be imported without regulation. Antioxidant supplements can also interact with medications, reducing their effectiveness or causing harmful interactions. Some antioxidant supplements, such as enzyme compounds, are poorly absorbed by the body, with limited effectiveness.