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Pros & Cons of Fish Oil Supplements

Amid concerns about mercury and other types of contamination of seafood, some are looking elsewhere for what many tout as the Holy Grail of heart health: omega-3 fatty acids. Fish oil supplements offer a reasonable alternative for getting them but it is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of these supplements before deciding whether they are your ideal source for omega-3-fatty acids.

  1. Cardiovascular Benefits

    • Among the top-selling points of fish oil supplements are their many well-documented cardiovascular benefits. They lower triglycerides, reduce the risk of heart attack and slow the buildup of plaque in arteries that leads to atherosclerosis and heart problems. They also lower blood pressure, help correct abnormal heart rhythms and lower the risk of stroke in people with known heart disease.

    Pain Management

    • Some studies have shown that fish oil supplements can help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with rheumatoid arthritis, angina and painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea). Further research, however, is needed to solidify these claims.

    Cancer Prevention

    • Limited research indicates that fish oil supplements may reduce the risk of breast, colon or prostate cancer. Preliminary studies also show their potential to reduce the growth of colon cancer cells, though their effect on patient outcomes remains unclear.

    Gastrological Benefits

    • Though evidence is conflicting, preliminary research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis when added to standard therapy.

    Psychiatric Benefits

    • Some benefit has been found in preliminary research examining the effect of fish oil supplements on various psychiatric conditions, including depression, dementia and schizophrenia.

    Risks

    • Fish oil supplements have been associated with increased risk of bleeding, such as nosebleeds and blood in the urine. They have also been linked with vitamin E deficiency. Pregnant women and diabetics should also use precaution, as high doses of fish oil supplements may lead to bleeding and higher blood sugar.

    Side Effects

    • Gastrointestinal side effects of fish oil supplement usage (particularly in high dosages) include diarrhea, heartburn, indigestion and abdominal bloating. Skin rashes and restlessness have also been associated with these supplements.

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