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Types of Lipoic Acid

Lipoic acid is a generic term for alpha-lipoic acid. There are several derivations of lipoic acid created through natural synthesis in the human body and through chemical processes in a lab setting. Alpha-lipoic acid and other forms of lipoic acid are commonly taken as supplements for various health reasons.

  1. Alpha-Lipoic Acid

    • Most antioxidants are soluble in either fat or water. Alpha-lipoic acid is soluble in both, allowing the antioxidant to fight free radicals in all areas of the body. The body produces free radicals when food is converted to energy. Free radicals take over cells and reproduce quickly, causing cell death. Antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid stop free radical reproduction and support healthy cell regeneration. Alpha-lipoic acid is commonly used as a natural treatment for diabetes and liver disease. Food sources of natural alpha-lipoic acid include red meat and brewer's yeast.

    R-Lipoic Acid

    • R-lipoic acid, or R-alpha-lipoic acid, naturally occurs in food sources. Natural alpha-lipoic acid supports glutathione production. Glutathione is an important water-soluble antioxidant responsible for detoxification and immune system support.

    S-Lipoic Acid

    • S-lipoic acid, or S-alpha lipoic acid, is a synthetic form of alpha-lipoic acid. In 1952, chemists synthesized S-lipoic acid in a laboratory. This form of alpha-lipoic acid is not present in a natural form. There are no known health benefits of S-lipoic acid, but there may be negative effects. S-lipoic acid may stop R-lipoic acid from interacting with enzymes and proteins.

    Dihydrolipoic Acid

    • Alpha-lipoic acid is converted into several forms of lipoic acid in the human body, including dihydrolipoic acid. Prior to 2003, synthesized dihydrolipoic acid was not available in a stable form. In 2003, chemists created a stable version of the antioxidant in a laboratory setting. Like alpha-lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid is soluble in both water and fat. It supports vitamin E and ascorbic acid production. When dihydrolipoic acid is oxidized, it converts back to alpha-lipoic acid.

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