Operation Theory for an Infant Incubator

Incubators are used in hospital neonatal units to care for newborn babies who may be premature or suffering from illness, breathing difficulties or other birth complications. The incubator has evolved into a complex machine capable of many different functions essential to recovery of newborns in distress.

Basic Construction

• Incubators are enclosed bassinets that are used to keep environmental conditions ideal for newborns. They are used primarily for stable newborns who are not in need of radiant heat to keep themselves warm. The machine is connected to ventilators, heart and breathing monitors, intravenous dispensers and an oxygen supply.

Functions

• Incubators are available in all neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The incubator controls temperature, humidity and oxygenation of the air. It can increase oxygenation by nasal tubes, or by mechanical control of oxygen levels. The machine can also monitor cardiac function, respiration and brain activity of the newborn.

Protection

• By creating a closed and controlled environment, the incubator protects the newborn from infection, air drafts and handling by nurses and others who may carry bacteria or viruses on their bodies or in their clothing. Access to the incubator is restricted to nurses and doctors authorized to work within the NICU.

Nourishment

• The incubator also allows feeding of the newborn through intravenous tubes, as well as the intravenous administration of any necessary medication. Maintaining fluid levels is also done by this method; combined with the raised humidity level, this prevents a dangerous loss of body moisture.

Transport

• Incubators can also be constructed as carriers, to be used when premature or ill newborns are moved from one facility to another. These transport incubators have self-enclosed feeding and monitoring equipment and a portable oxygen supply.