Delayed Development in Infants

The stages of mental and physical development during infancy are affected by a variety of conditions, both genetic and environmental. There are generally accepted guidelines for this development, yet the individuality of characteristic traits and external influences for each child presents a range of possibilities that can often mask any underlying problems that may be hindering his progress. The ability to detect these problems early on may help lessen or even prevent any long-term developmental disabilities.

Milestones

• According to Merck Manuals Online Medical Library, there are certain milestones that have been established through studies of infant development that address key indicators of normal mental and physical aptitude. An infant should begin to recognize familiar sounds and objects within the first few months and should be making attempts to establish a personal relationship with her surroundings by touching, tasting and "talking," even if her vocabulary only consists of gurgling and cooing.

Early Physical Development

• According to the National Network for Child Care, infants will normally have a natural curiosity about their immediate environment and will want to explore and experience things by physically manipulating them. They will attempt to put things in their mouths, will grab at objects within their reach, and should begin to express a desire to move on their own when they are laid on their stomachs. They will also mimic actions they see and express themselves by waving and clapping their hands. These are the first signs of motor-skill development that should be apparent within the first 12 months.

Signs of Delayed Development

• While the attainment of milestones needs to be shown flexibility, there are identifiable indicators of possible developmental delays in the first year. An infant should be able to identify and acknowledge objects and emotions by vocalization, and should attempt to say "mama" and "dada" within the first six to seven months. Additionally, an infant should be holding his head up, rolling from his stomach to his back and crawling by the first year.

Causes of Delayed Development

• Genetic disorders, caused by either heredity or environment, can become evident during infancy. Chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, or damage caused by toxic poisoning from environmental elements will delay normal development. Insufficient nutrition, premature birth and infections passed on from the mother can also have a detrimental effect on an infant's development.

Help for Delayed Development

• Many symptoms of suspected delayed development need to be addressed by a medical professional to ascertain the cause. However, certain steps can be taken in the home environment to both test the infant's aptitudes and assist whatever abilities she already possesses. Personal interaction is important, and can consist of directing speech and actions toward the infant to create a personal bond he can rely on, and which will also help him develop his own language and motor skills.