Pediatric Reflux Symptoms

Some babies have reflux as an infant, but usually outgrow it by their first birthday. The problem is usually caused by a weak or malfunctioning esophageal sphincter. The esophageal sphincter is the valve that connects the esophagus and stomach. When it either doesn't close all the way or it opens at the wrong times, food and digestive liquids can reflux into the esophagus. Reflux causes significant discomfort in some infants and toddlers. Premature infants are at an increased risk of having reflux issues.

Abdominal Pain

• An infant will not be able to tell its caregiver that it has a stomach ache, but signs may point to this. If the infant is arching its back or pulling up its legs, it's possible that the baby has a stomach ache. Also, the baby may wake up screaming during naps and at night. Toddlers who continue to have reflux may complain of stomach aches.

Excessive Spit up

• All babies spit up to an extent. However, infants with reflux will spit up larger than normal amounts after each feeding. Infants and toddlers may also vomit after eating.

Feeding Difficulties

• Babies with reflux may refuse to take a bottle. They may also gag or cough during feedings because of the reflux. Toddlers with reflux may be irritable during mealtimes and afterward.

Other Symptoms

• Some babies will cough at night while sleeping because of milk refluxing into the esophagus. The reflux problems may also lead to ear and sinus infections. Some babies may even get pneumonia as a result of severe reflux. Older babies may be at risk of tooth enamel damage. In severe cases, infants and toddlers may lose weight because they are unable to digest enough of the food.

Treatment

• Reflux can be treated with various medications as prescribed by a doctor. Also, caregivers can help lessen symptoms by giving their children small, more frequent meals rather than large ones. Also, it's best not to feed the child right before bedtime because laying down soon after eating makes the reflux worse. Some children may need to be held upright for a while after eating or may need an inclined bed to keep the upper portion of their body slightly elevated.