What's Normal for Newborns?

Newborns undergo rapid physical, mental, and emotional growth during their first few weeks and months of life. Here's a general idea of what's considered normal for newborns:

1. Physical Development:

- Weight: Newborns typically lose weight in the first few days after birth and then start gaining weight steadily. They gain around 1-2 ounces (28-56 grams) per day during the first month.

- Length: Newborns are typically between 19 to 22 inches (48-56 centimeters) long at birth and grow about 1-2 inches (2.5-5 centimeters) during the first month.

- Head Circumference: Newborns' head circumference is usually around 13.5 inches (34 centimeters) at birth and increases by about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in the first month.

- Fontanelles (Soft Spots): Newborns have soft spots on their heads, called fontanelles, which allow their brains to grow. These fontanelles usually close by 12-18 months.

2. Sleep:

- Newborns typically sleep for 16-20 hours per day, with frequent short naps. Their sleep patterns are not well-established yet and they can wake up frequently at night.

- Swaddling, gentle rocking, and a soothing bedtime routine can help promote sleep in newborns.

3. Feeding:

- Breastfed newborns typically nurse 8-12 times a day, while formula-fed babies may feed every 2-4 hours. The amount they consume per feeding varies.

- Newborns may spit up small amounts of milk after feedings, which is usually normal. Frequent, forceful spitting up may be a sign of gastroesophageal reflux.

4. Urination and Bowel Movements:

- Newborns may have a wet diaper every 2-3 hours and a bowel movement after each feeding in the early days. Their bowel movements may change in frequency and consistency as they grow.

5. Eye Contact and Communication:

- Newborns can make eye contact and start recognizing familiar faces. They may also begin to coo and make sounds in response to their parents' voices.

6. Motor Development:

- Newborns have limited body control, but they may begin to hold their heads up briefly, turn their heads, and startle easily with loud noises or sudden movements.

Always remember, every newborn is unique and their growth and development may vary slightly. It's important to consult with a pediatrician or healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions about your baby's development.