What to Know About a Breech Baby

What is a breech baby?

A breech baby is a baby who is not lying head down in the womb. There are three main types of breech presentations:

* Frank breech: The baby's buttocks are down and the legs are extended up towards the head.

* Complete breech: The baby's buttocks and feet are down and the legs are bent at the knees.

* Incomplete breech: The baby's buttocks are down and one or both feet are down.

How common are breech babies?

Breech babies occur in about 3-4% of pregnancies.

What causes a breech baby?

There is no single cause for breech babies. However, some factors that can increase the risk of having a breech baby include:

* A large baby: Babies who are large for their gestational age are more likely to be breech.

* A multiple pregnancy: Babies in multiple pregnancies are more likely to be breech.

* A low-lying placenta: A placenta that is located low in the uterus can block the baby's head from engaging in the pelvis.

* A uterine abnormality: Certain uterine abnormalities, such as a bicornuate uterus, can increase the risk of having a breech baby.

* Previous breech pregnancy: Women who have had a previous breech pregnancy are more likely to have another breech baby.

What are the risks of a breech baby?

Breech babies are at increased risk for certain complications, including:

* Preterm birth: Breech babies are more likely to be born prematurely.

* Low birth weight: Breech babies are more likely to have a low birth weight.

* Cesarean section: Breech babies are more likely to require a cesarean section than head-down babies.

* Birth injuries: Breech babies are at increased risk for certain birth injuries, such as brachial plexus injuries and skull fractures.

How is a breech baby diagnosed?

A breech baby is diagnosed during a prenatal ultrasound. The ultrasound will show the baby's position in the womb.

How is a breech baby delivered?

The method of delivery for a breech baby will depend on the specific presentation of the baby, as well as the mother's preferences. In most cases, a cesarean section is recommended for breech babies. However, some breech babies can be safely delivered vaginally.

What is the prognosis for a breech baby?

With proper prenatal care and delivery, the prognosis for a breech baby is generally good. Most breech babies are born healthy and have no long-term complications.