What is physiologic jaundice in newborns?

Physiologic jaundice in newborns refers to a mild and temporary condition where a baby's skin, eyes, and mucous membranes appear yellow due to the buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment formed during the breakdown of red blood cells. It's a common condition that usually develops within the first few days after birth and peaks around the 3rd or 4th day of life.

Causes of physiologic jaundice:

1. Increased Red Blood Cell Breakdown: Newborn babies have a higher number of red blood cells than adults, and as these cells break down, bilirubin is released into the bloodstream.

2. Immature Liver Function: The liver is mainly responsible for processing and removing bilirubin from the body. In newborns, the liver is still developing and may not be fully capable of handling the increased bilirubin levels.

3. Increased Enterohepatic Circulation: In some cases, bilirubin can undergo enterohepatic circulation, where it is reabsorbed in the intestines and recirculated back to the liver. This process can contribute to the accumulation of bilirubin in newborns.

Usually, physiologic jaundice resolves on its own within the first 1-2 weeks as the baby's liver matures and bilirubin levels decrease. However, in certain cases, particularly with excessively high bilirubin levels or if the jaundice appears within the first 24 hours after birth, it may be necessary for the healthcare provider to investigate further to rule out other potential causes or conditions.

Treatment for physiologic jaundice is typically not required as it usually does not cause any harm. However, if the bilirubin levels become too high, phototherapy (exposure to a special blue light) may be used to help break down the bilirubin. Additionally, encouraging frequent breastfeeding or formula feedings can help facilitate bilirubin elimination through bowel movements.

Regular monitoring of bilirubin levels is important during the newborn period to ensure that the jaundice remains physiologic and within a safe range.