What is the prognosis for infantile spasms?

The prognosis for infantile spasms varies and depends on several factors, including:

1. Age at onset: Early diagnosis and treatment before the age of 6 months tend to have a better prognosis.

2. Underlying cause: The prognosis is better in cases where there is an identifiable and treatable cause for the spasms, such as tuberous sclerosis complex or a metabolic disorder.

3. Treatment response: The response to anti-epileptic medications, particularly hormonal therapy (specifically adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH, or corticosteroids), can significantly impact the prognosis.

4. Associated features: The presence of severe developmental regression or underlying neurological abnormalities may affect the long-term outcome.

Overall, around 50% of children with infantile spasms achieve complete seizure freedom with treatment, while the remaining may have persistent seizures or develop other forms of epilepsy. About one-third of children with infantile spasms may have developmental delays or intellectual disabilities. However, with early intervention, appropriate treatment, and support, many children can lead fulfilling and productive lives.

Regular monitoring by healthcare professionals, appropriate medication management, and ongoing assessments of developmental progress are crucial for ensuring the best possible outcome for children with infantile spasms.