What is a blue baby in medical terms?

In medical terms, a 'blue baby" refers to a condition called cyanosis, where an infant's skin, mucous membranes, and nail beds appear bluish in colour due to low oxygen levels in the blood. This discolouration occurs when there's insufficient oxygenated haemoglobin in the body's circulation, leading to a higher concentration of deoxygenated haemoglobin, which gives the skin and tissues a blueish tint.

Cyanosis can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, particularly in newborns. It's often associated with congenital heart defects, such as tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, or hypoplastic left heart syndrome. These heart defects can cause abnormal blood flow patterns within the heart and interfere with the proper mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

In infants, cyanosis is usually a critical sign that requires immediate medical attention. It's important to assess the baby's overall health, oxygen saturation levels, and perform relevant diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of cyanosis. Early detection and prompt treatment of the underlying condition are essential to address the low oxygen levels and ensure proper oxygen delivery to the baby's tissues and organs.