How do babies come out?

Vaginal delivery:

1. Dilation: During the first stage of labor, the cervix dilates (opens) from about 1-2 centimeters to 10 centimeters to allow the baby to pass through.

2. Expulsion: Once the cervix is fully dilated, the mother begins pushing and contracting to push the baby's head down the birth canal and out of the vagina.

3. Crowning: As the baby's head emerges, it stretches the opening of the vagina, which is known as crowning.

4. Delivery: The baby's head, shoulders, and then the rest of the body are delivered after crowning. The umbilical cord is then clamped and cut.

Cesarean delivery (C-section):

In this surgical procedure, an incision is made through the mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver the baby when vaginal delivery is not advisable or possible.