How many minutes can a baby not breathe upon delivery and what is the safe limit?

The length of time a newborn baby can go without breathing after birth varies depending on several factors, including the baby's health status and the circumstances of the birth.

Most babies take their first breath within a few seconds after delivery. However, some newborns may experience a temporary delay, known as primary apnea, where they don't take a breath for a short period. In such cases, the healthcare provider will provide immediate assistance, such as gentle stimulation, to help the baby breathe.

The safe limit for how long a baby can go without breathing depends on several factors, including:

1. The overall health of the baby: Healthy newborns have a better chance of tolerating brief periods of oxygen deprivation.

2. The cause of the delay: Certain conditions, such as fetal distress or hypoxia (low oxygen levels), may increase the risk of adverse effects from oxygen deprivation.

3. The duration of the delay: Longer periods without breathing can lead to more severe consequences.

4. Prompt medical interventions: The availability and effectiveness of medical interventions, such as oxygen resuscitation and ventilatory support, play a crucial role in preventing harm.

As a general rule, a full-term newborn should not go more than 3 minutes without breathing before receiving resuscitation. For preterm infants (born before 37 weeks), the safe limit is even shorter, usually around 1-2 minutes.

It's essential to note that these are general guidelines, and the specific approach may vary depending on individual circumstances. Immediate and appropriate medical interventions by healthcare professionals are critical to ensure the well-being of the newborn and minimize the risk of complications.