Genetics Vs. Environment in Obesity in Children

In recent decades childhood obesity has become a serious concern. Overweight children are likely to become overweight adults who may suffer from weight-related consequences, such as diabetes and heart disease. Although some children may have a genetic predisposition to be overweight, others may gain weight as a result of their environment.

DNA Research

• A study lead by Dr. Sadaf Farooqi at the University of Cambridge has determined that obese children may be missing a part of one of the genes in chromosome 16. The absence of this part of the gene increases the desire to eat.

Twin Studies

• Studies of twins, such as the one conducted by Stunkard, Foch, and Hrubec, have indicated that about 75 percent of the risk of obesity is attributed to genetics while 25 percent of the risk of obesity is attributed to environment.

Environmental Factors

• Environmental factors, such as food availability and opportunities for exercise, affect a child's likelihood of dealing with obesity. If a child is in an environment laden with unhealthy food choices and where exercise is not promoted, the likelihood for obesity increases.

Socio-Demographic Factors

• Children in low-economic households are at increased risk of becoming obese because of a lack of fresh fruits and vegetables and because of a propensity toward unhealthy food choices. Also, children in low-economic households are less likely to have safe places to exercise.

Overcoming Genetic and Environmental Factors

• Despite a genetic predisposition and environmental factors, children can maintain a healthy weight through healthy eating and exercise. Caregivers should offer children a variety of healthy foods in reasonable portions. Also, children should be encouraged to exercise for at least 60 minutes each day.