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Dilantin Side Effects on Children

Doctors have used Dilantin to treat seizures since 1938. Although effective, it's usually not the first-choice medicine for children. This anticonvulsant drug can adversely affect a child's physical appearance, cognition and central nervous system. Because of how the body metabolizes this medicine, small increases in dosage can make side effects much worse.

  1. Most Common Side Effects

    • Almost 50% of children on higher dosages of Dilantin develop enlarged gum tissue (gum hypertrophy). Frequent brushing and daily flossing will help control this side effect but can't eliminate the problem. Severe hypertrophy may require surgical removal of excess gum tissue. In addition, Dilantin often causes excess hair to grow on children's arms and backs. If used for a long time, it may cause a gradual thickening of facial parts, including lips. Several cases of acne have also been reported.

    Less Common Side Effects

    • Dilantin decreases the blood cell count in some children. Since this can affect their ability to fight infection and clot blood, children taking this medicine should have periodic blood counts. Bedridden children or those who have infrequent exposure to sunlight should also have their serum calcium and phosphorous levels checked regularly since Dilantin sometimes affects Vitamin D metabolism.

    Minimizing Side Effects

    • To minimize side effects, most doctors start children at low doses of Dilantin and then gradually increase the prescription until the desired effects are reached. Children usually begin daily treatment at 5 milligrams for each kilogram (about 2 pounds) of body weight. Taking Dilantin in two or three equal doses, instead of once a day, can also help reduce the risk of side effects. If Dilantin is taken in liquid form, it is important to thoroughly shake the bottle right before measuring. The active ingredients tend to settle, leading to a higher concentration at the bottom of the bottle if the liquid is not mixed thoroughly each time.

    Allergic Reactions

    • A minority of children will be allergic to Dilantin. The most common sign of allergy is a rash that looks like measles. The rash will appear from one to three weeks after treatment starts. A fever may also develop. If you suspect an allergic reaction, call your pediatrician immediately.

    Warning

    • Dilantin should not be given by mouth to babies. Because they don't absorb it as well as older children, they are more prone to side effects and seizures.

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