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Copper IUD Complications

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a long lasting, effective and convenient method of birth control. IUDs are usually considered safe, with some possible side effects and rare occurrences of severe complications.

  1. How IUDs Work

    • A copper IUD is a small copper-wrapped "T" shaped device that is inserted into the uterus by a health care professional to help prevent pregnancy. It goes by the name ParaGard in the United States. An IUD affects the lining of the uterus so that the egg cannot attach and also prevents the sperm from reaching the egg, disabling the possibility of fertilization.

    General Information

    • ParaGard IUDs are copper wrapped plastic that contain no hormones. These are immediately effective upon insertion and last up to 12 years. ParaGard is also used as an emergency contraception method if used within five days of unprotected intercourse.

    Side Effects

    • Some women may experience heavier, longer periods, especially in the first three months. Spotting between periods, cramping and back pain have also been reported.

    Serious Side Effects

    • Severe or prolonged bleeding, abdominal cramps, abdominal tenderness, back pain, pain or bleeding during sex and unexplained vaginal discharge or bleeding have also been reported.

    Serious Complications

    • Although rare, it is possible for the IUD to slip out of place. IUDs may fall out completely and a health care professional will have to reinsert a new IUD. Puncturing the uterine lining or pushing all the way through is also a risk. Bacterial infection can occur during IUD insertion, usually within three weeks.

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