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Basics of Human Anatomy

"Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body" by Henry Grey states, "The term human anatomy comprises a consideration of the various structures which make up the human organism." To study the basics of human anatomy is to examine the parts of the body, such as the brain and the spine, and their function together. The study of gross anatomy involves body parts seen by the eye whereas microscopic anatomy analyzes cell tissues inside the body. Studying the basics of human anatomy helps us to understand how the body works as a whole system.

  1. Digestive System

    • The digestive system is a basic aspect of human anatomy. This system breaks down food to provide nutrients. The digestive system allows the body to absorb nutrients from food, such as vitamins and minerals. Food enters the body through the mouth and passes through the esophagus to the stomach. In the stomach the small and large intestines break down food particles and absorb needed nutrients. The anus and rectum are also parts of the digestive process because they help to rid the body of excess waste.

    Central Nervous System

    • The central nervous system of the body consists of the brain and spinal cord. These two basic organs work together to control all functions of the body. Millions of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord send electric messages to the arms, legs, and all muscles to function. Brain functions are necessary for speech, thinking, and judgment skills. Certain areas of the brain also control the senses of hearing, smell, sight, taste, and touch. If the nerve cells in the central nervous system malfunction or fail to send electrical messages, physical movements and brain functions will be affected.

    Respiratory System

    • The human respiratory system controls breathing and airflow to the lungs. This basic function of the human anatomy begins with air entering the body through the nostrils or mouth. Air passes through the glottis, trachea, and bronchioles. Airflow to the body is important for providing oxygen to the blood. An average adult has 600 million air sacs. The oxygen passes through the capillaries to the bloodstream. When you exhale, carbon dioxide follows the reverse path out of the lungs. The diaphragm is an important part of the respiratory system because it sucks oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm relaxes and expands with breathing to pump oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of the lungs.

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