How Does Atrial Fibrillation Affect Pregnancy?
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common heart arrhythmia that can affect people of all ages, including pregnant women. AFib is characterized by a rapid and irregular heartbeat, which can cause symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.
During pregnancy, AFib can pose several risks to both the mother and the baby. These risks include:
1. Maternal risks:
- Heart failure: AFib can increase the risk of heart failure, which occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Heart failure can lead to serious complications such as fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and kidney failure.
- Stroke: AFib increases the risk of stroke, which occurs when a blood clot forms in the heart and travels to the brain. Stroke can cause serious disability or even death.
- Preeclampsia: AFib is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, which is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Preeclampsia can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby.
2. Fetal risks:
- Preterm birth: AFib is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, which occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth can lead to a number of health problems for the baby, including low birth weight, respiratory problems, and developmental delays.
- Intrauterine growth restriction: AFib can also lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which occurs when the baby does not grow to its full potential in the womb. IUGR can lead to a number of health problems for the baby, including low birth weight, developmental delays, and an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.
If you are pregnant and have AFib, it is important to work closely with your doctor to manage your condition and reduce the risks to both you and your baby. Treatment for AFib during pregnancy may include medications to control the heart rate and prevent blood clots, as well as lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor your condition and provide treatment.