What are facts About Rectum?
The rectum is the last part of the large intestine and connects the colon to the anus. It is responsible for storing stool and facilitating its elimination from the body. Here are some facts about the rectum:
Location: The rectum is located in the pelvis, just above the anus. It is approximately 15 to 20 centimeters (6 to 8 inches) long and has a diameter of about 2.5 centimeters (1 inch).
Function: The main function of the rectum is to store and expel stool. It does this by contracting its muscles to push the stool toward the anus. The rectum also helps to absorb water and electrolytes from the stool, making it more solid.
Anatomy: The rectum has several anatomical features that help it perform its functions. These include:
* Rectal valves: These are small folds of tissue that help to prevent stool from leaking back into the colon.
* Anal sphincters: These are two muscles that control the opening and closing of the anus. The internal sphincter is involuntary, while the external sphincter is voluntary.
* Blood supply: The rectum is supplied with blood by the superior rectal artery and the inferior rectal artery.
* Innervation: The rectum is innervated by the autonomic nervous system.
Clinical Significance: The rectum can be affected by a variety of conditions, including:
* Hemorrhoids: These are swollen veins in the rectum or anus.
* Anal fissures: These are small tears in the skin around the anus.
* Fistulas: These are abnormal connections between the rectum and other organs, such as the vagina or skin.
* Rectal prolapse: This is a condition in which the rectum protrudes from the anus.
* Colon cancer: Rectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the United States.
Regular screening for rectal cancer is important for early detection and treatment. The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk of colon cancer begin screening at age 45. People with certain risk factors, such as a family history of colon cancer, may need to begin screening earlier.