What causes meningitis?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bacterial meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is usually caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream from the nose or throat and travel to the brain.

Viral meningitis is usually caused by enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus and echovirus. These viruses are spread through contact with infected people or by ingesting contaminated food or water.

Fungal meningitis is a rare type of meningitis that is usually caused by fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. These fungi can enter the body through the lungs or sinuses and travel to the brain.

Parasitic meningitis is a rare type of meningitis that is usually caused by parasites such as Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba. These parasites can enter the body through the nose or skin and travel to the brain.

Some people are more at risk for meningitis than others. These include:

* Infants and young children

* People with weakened immune systems

* People who live in close quarters

* People who travel to countries where meningitis is common

Meningitis can be a serious disease, but it is often treatable with antibiotics, antiviral medications, or antifungal medications.