What does mentruation mean?

Menstruation refers to the process in which the inner lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, sheds and is expelled from the body through the vagina. It occurs as a result of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. Typically, menstruation begins around 12 to 15 years of age, marking the onset of a woman's reproductive years, and continues until menopause.

During menstruation, the endometrium, which thickens and prepares itself for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg, breaks down and sheds when pregnancy does not occur. This shedding of the endometrium along with blood and tissue forms the menstrual flow, which is expelled through the vagina. The menstrual cycle usually lasts around 28 days, but it can vary from person to person.

Menstruation is a normal biological process and not considered an illness. However, some individuals may experience discomfort or symptoms during menstruation, known as menstrual symptoms or dysmenorrhea. These symptoms can include cramps in the lower abdomen, backache, mood changes, fatigue, headaches, and breast tenderness.