What are the nine primary health risk factors?

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified nine primary health risk factors:

* Alcohol - Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other health problems.

* Child and maternal malnutrition - Undernutrition can cause stunted growth, impaired cognitive development, and increased susceptibility to infections.

* High blood pressure - Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.

* High cholesterol - Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can lead to the formation of plaques in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

* Low birth weight - Babies born with a low birth weight are at increased risk of health problems, including respiratory problems, infections, and developmental delays.

* Obese and overweight - Obesity and overweight can lead to a range of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

* Physical inactivity - Insufficient physical activity can increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.

* Tobacco smoke - Smoking tobacco can cause lung cancer, heart disease, and chronic respiratory diseases, and secondhand smoke can also have negative health effects.

* Unsafe sex - Unsafe sex practices can lead to the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancy.