What is meningitis?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bacterial meningitis is the most common type of meningitis, and it is usually caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial meningitis can be very serious and can even lead to death.

Viral meningitis is usually less severe than bacterial meningitis, and it is often caused by viruses such as enteroviruses, mumps, and measles. Viral meningitis usually resolves on its own within a few weeks.

Fungal meningitis is a rare type of meningitis that is usually caused by fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Fungal meningitis can be serious, especially in people with weakened immune systems.

Parasitic meningitis is also a rare type of meningitis that is usually caused by parasites such as Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Parasitic meningitis can be very serious and can even lead to death.

Symptoms of meningitis can include:

* Headache

* Fever

* Stiff neck

* Nausea

* Vomiting

* Confusion

* Seizures

* Rash

Treatment for meningitis depends on the cause of the infection. Bacterial meningitis is treated with antibiotics, viral meningitis is treated with supportive care, and fungal meningitis is treated with antifungal medications.

Prevention of meningitis includes:

* Getting vaccinated against bacteria and viruses that can cause meningitis

* Avoiding contact with people who are sick with meningitis

* Practicing good hygiene