What are menarche and menopause?

Menarche and menopause are two key biological events in a woman's life that mark the beginning and end of her reproductive years.

1. Menarche:

- Definition: Menarche is the first menstrual period in a girl's life, signifying the onset of puberty and reproductive maturity.

- Age of Occurrence: Typically occurs between the ages of 12 and 15 years, but there can be individual variation.

- Hormonal Changes: It marks the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, leading to increased production of estrogen and progesterone, which initiates menstrual cycles.

2. Menopause:

- Definition: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual periods and the end of a woman's reproductive years.

- Age of Occurrence: The average age of menopause is around 51 years, but it can happen earlier or later.

- Hormonal Changes: Menopause is characterized by declining levels of estrogen and progesterone. This hormonal shift leads to a variety of physical and emotional changes, including hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and changes in sleep patterns.

Both menarche and menopause are important physiological milestones in a woman's life, indicating significant hormonal transitions that impact her physical and reproductive health.