What does the term menarche refer to?

The term menarche refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in a female's life. It marks the onset of puberty and the commencement of the reproductive phase in women. Menarche typically occurs between the ages of 12 to 15 years but can vary from individual to individual. It signifies the functional maturation of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterus, and associated hormonal systems, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Menarche is also associated with physical changes such as breast development and the growth of pubic and axillary hair.