What is benign microcephaly of infancy?

Benign microcephaly of infancy is a condition in which a baby is born with a smaller than average head size. The circumference of the head is less than the fifth percentile for age and sex. Benign microcephaly is usually not associated with any other health problems, and most children with this condition develop normally.

The cause of benign microcephaly is not known, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases of benign microcephaly are associated with genetic syndromes, such as Down syndrome and cri du chat syndrome. Other cases are thought to be caused by environmental factors, such as prenatal alcohol exposure or maternal infection during pregnancy.

Benign microcephaly is usually diagnosed at birth or shortly thereafter. The diagnosis is based on the baby's head circumference and the absence of any other health problems. Further testing, such as genetic testing, may be recommended to rule out other causes of microcephaly.

There is no specific treatment for benign microcephaly. Treatment is focused on supporting the child's development and monitoring for any complications. Early intervention services, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, can help children with benign microcephaly reach their full potential.