The Prevention of Falls in the Elderly

As reported in the "Seattle Times," in January of 2008, 84-year-old Clarence Yeshland slipped in his kitchen and fell, suffering a broken hip. The elderly man died a short month later. Yeshland's story is not uncommon. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that one of every three adults over the age of 65 falls each year. These falls result in serious injuries and cost more than $19 billion dollars in medical expenses annually. Physical changes in the elderly can increase their risk of falling, but a few precautions can reduce the danger.

Health Concerns

• Dizziness, pain when walking, muscle weakness and illness are contributing factors to falls in the elderly. Regular health exams are essential in preventing balance problems that may increase with the use of supplements or medications. In addition to considering the potential side effects from prescription and over-the-counter medicines, a physician will evaluate medical symptoms that may contribute to the risk of falling.

Tripping/Slipping Dangers

• Reduced mobility and decreased reaction times are potential tripping hazards for senior citizens. The elderly should wear well-fitting shoes with non-skid soles. Clear walking pathways of loose throw rugs, toys and all small obstacles. Apply only non-skid wax to hard floors, and wipe up liquid spills immediately to prevent slips and falls. Tuck electrical cords behind furniture where they won't present a tripping menace.

Turn Up the Light

• Reduced visibility contributes to falls in the elderly. Use high-watt bulbs in light fixtures, and place a "touch" lamp by the person's bedside. Plug power-interruption flashlights into outlets around the home. If the electricity goes out, these flashlights will immediately come on.

Helpful Home Improvements

• If remodeling is in the cards, remove thick plush or shag-type carpeting, and install indoor/outdoor-type carpeting. Install handrails on all stairways and in hallways.

  Minimize bathroom falls by installing grab bars on both sides of the tub or shower. A bathing stool or chair, in addition to a hand-held shower nozzle, further reduce falls in the shower or tub. A non-slip bath or shower mat is vital. Fit a regular commode with a raised toilet seat and install a commode grab bar for stability.

Living Safely at Home

• Use a walking cane, a walker or a mobility scooter to reduce the risk of falls. Elderly individuals benefit from taking part in age-appropriate water aerobics, daily walking and doctor-approved exercises. Staying active as long as possible is beneficial to overall health, keeping muscles strong, which reduces the risk of falls. While getting old is a fact of life, it can be depressing for once-active individuals to depend upon others for assistance, and most people want to remain at home as long as possible.