How does a womans period work?

Menstrual Cycle: Understanding How a Woman's Period Works

A woman's period, also known as menstruation, is a natural process that occurs monthly as part of the menstrual cycle. It involves the shedding of the lining of the uterus (womb) through the vagina. Here is a simplified overview of how a woman's period works:

1. Menstrual Phase (Period):

- During menstruation, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) that was built up in preparation for pregnancy breaks down and is shed.

- This breakdown of the endometrium causes bleeding from the vagina, which can last anywhere from 2 to 7 days.

- The average menstrual period occurs every 28 days, but it can vary from woman to woman, ranging from 21 to 35 days.

2. Follicular Phase:

- After menstruation, the body begins to prepare for the possibility of pregnancy.

- During the follicular phase, the levels of the hormone estrogen increase, stimulating the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovaries.

- A follicle contains an egg (ovum).

3. Ovulation:

- Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle, but this timing can vary.

- When estrogen levels reach a certain point, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation.

- During ovulation, a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries and travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus.

4. Luteal Phase:

- After ovulation, the remaining cells of the follicle develop into a structure called the corpus luteum.

- The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, another hormone that helps thicken the uterine lining and prepare it for implantation of a fertilized egg.

- If implantation doesn't occur, the corpus luteum breaks down, estrogen and progesterone levels drop, and the uterine lining starts to shed, leading to the start of a new period.

It's important to note that the menstrual cycle can be influenced by various factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress, and hormonal imbalances. For some women, experiencing some irregularities in their menstrual cycle is common, and it may take some time for the cycle to establish a regular pattern. If you have concerns or unusual changes in your menstrual cycle, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional.