Smoking and Fetuses

Smoking while pregnant poses numerous health risks to a fetus. According to March of Dimes research, women who smoke while pregnant or inhale second-hand smoke increase the chances of birth defects, respiratory problems and physical deformations of their fetus.

Effects of Smoking

• The toxins in cigarettes that are directly ingested into the body deprive the fetus of necessary oxygen and nutrients. This can result in low birth weight, premature birth and cleft palate, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Dangers to the Mother

• Pregnant women who smoke are at risk for ectopic pregnancy, vaginal bleeding, placental abruption and stillbirth.

Dangers to the Fetus

• Both direct and indirect inhalation of smoke can increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asthma and bronchitis in a fetus. According to the CDC, fetuses are also at risk for slow development --- especially through the heart and lung systems.