Fibroids Complications

Fibroids, a common condition in women of childbearing age, are benign growths within or on the uterus. Also known as myomas, leiomyomas or fibromyomas, these growths often go unnoticed and stay small and unproblematic. For some women however, fibroids can become quite large and painful, and if left without medical attention, complications may arise.

Infertility

• There are a number of ways in which fibroids may cause or contribute to infertility. Depending on the location within the uterine cavity and the size of the fibroid, the fallopian tubes may be distorted and unable to function properly, blood flow to the uterine wall can be altered such that implantation or development of an embryo may be difficult or impossible or a fibroid could block the passageway for sperm. Pregnancy rates for women who have had surgical treatment for fibroids are favorable.

Pregnancy Complications

• For those with fibroids who do become pregnant, slightly increased risks of complications include breech or other fetal malpositionings due to a large fibroid pushing the baby, obstructed labor if the growth occurs within the birth canal and excessive postpartum bleeding. Pain can result from stressing the uterus to accommodate the pregnancy and any fibroids increasing in size. Fibroids do slightly increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth. Treatment for fibroids in pregnant women is usually delayed until after the birth, but can be performed safely, preferably during the first or second trimester.

Pain

• Pendunculated fibroids, or those that grow from a stalk, can cause extreme pain if the stalk twists. These fibroids sometimes undergo a process called degeneration, in which the mass outgrows its blood supply and slowly dies. While the body can eventually absorb the tissue, this can be very painful and surgery may be recommended. Pregnant women experiencing pain due to fibroids may be ordered bed rest or even be hospitalized.