Progesterone Vs. Estrogen

Estrogen and progesterone are two hormones found in oral contraceptives for women. The two function differently, but they work in conjunction to control the menstrual cycle of a female.

Function

• Progesterone and estrogen are steroid hormones. Testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen are the three hormones responsible for secondary sex characteristics. Progesterone and estrogen control the female characteristics.

Ovulation

• The start of ovulation begins with the release of FSH from the pituitary gland. This stimulates the ovaries to increase output of estrogen. Once the egg is released, progesterone levels also rise. If the egg is not fertilized, both estrogen and progesterone levels drop, and the menstruation cycle begins. Otherwise, levels are kept high after fertilization.

Birth Control

• Progesterone and estrogen are both used in the manufacture of birth control medication. These levels are kept high in the woman's body, so the body is "tricked" into thinking it is pregnant. Therefore, an egg is not released, preventing pregnancy.

Differences

• One main difference between estrogen and progesterone is chemical structure. The physiological effects are different. Estrogen works in conjunction with FSH to release an egg. Progesterone has a negative feedback control that reduces the FSH released by the pituitary gland.

Cancer

• According to the University of Pennsylvania, use of progesterone and estrogen doubles the risk of cancer if taken post-menopausal. Patients who use the combination are in a higher risk group for breast cancer.