What is a Pap Test?

A Pap test, or Pap smear, is performed by a gynecologist to check for the presence of abnormal cells associated with cancer and infections of the cervix. A Pap test is usually done in conjunction with a pelvic exam.

Function

• A physician performs the Pap test as a woman lies on an exam table with her legs in stirrups. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to widen it and a small wooden scraper or cervical brush is used to take samples of cells in the cervix. The cells are preserved on a glass slide or in a liquid-based substance and sent off for evaluation.

Necessity

• According to womenshealth.gov, all women over 21 and those under 21 who have been sexually active for three years need annual Pap tests.

Warning

• The Mayo Clinic states there is up to a 5 percent false-negative result rate, which means the test shows no signs of abnormal cells when there are some, for Pap smears. False-negative results are less likely when liquid-based tests are used instead of traditional slide preservation.

Considerations

• The National Cancer Institute says that 6 percent, or 3.5 million of the 55 million Pap tests done each year show abnormal results and need follow-up.

For Best Results

• Doctors suggest women do not have sex, douche, use vaginal creams, suppositories, use deodorants, use medicines or use tampons during the two days preceding a Pap test. This reduces the risk of false-negative results.