Immuno Protocols

There are many immuno protocols and techniques in the field of Immunochemistry to detect the existence of proteins in cells or tissues. Scientist and immunologists use the protein information garnered from immuno protocols and testing to help identify markers of disease. Therefore, through these often complex and involved immuno protocols scientists are able to research and diagnose causes and factors in the progression and eradication of disease.

Immunofluorescence Protocols

• Immunofluorescence staining methods identify proteins and antigens in your bodies cells using a fluorescent dye and fluorochrome to bind with primary and secondary antibodies. Direct immunofluorescence uses fluorescent dye to stain a primary antibody. Indirect immunofluorescence uses flurochrome to stain a secondary antibody, which recognizes a primary antibody. The cells are then studied under a fluorescence microscope to view the presence of the antibodies.

Immunoelectrophoresis Protocol

• According to ImmunoHistoChemistry Protocols website, Immunoelectrophoresis protocols are necessary when multiple antigen-antibody complexes need resolving. The immunoelectrophoresis technique separates proteins using an electric field, followed by immunopreciptation. This process separates protein antigens from the solution or serum into an agar gel by using antibodies that bind to that protein. The non-reactive proteins are then removed from the gel.

Global Protein Expression Protocol

• Global protein expression protocol identifies proteins and compares complex peptide profiles by fragmenting the proteins into peptides. The fragmenting of proteins into peptides is done through nucleases, which breaks nucleic acid chains. To separate compounds, scientists use a liquid chromatography column.