EMS Basic Safety
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Scene Safety
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To ensure scene safety EMS personnel must evaluate any dangers prior to entering a scene and be aware of the surroundings. Some dangers can include hazardous materials, motor vehicle accidents, acts of violence, presence of weapons, and alcohol or drug use by the victim.
Isolating Body Substances
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Training, immunization and personal protective equipment are employed to isolate bodily substances. Pathogens are passed through body fluids such as blood, urine and feces but also pass airborne during breathing, coughing and sneezing.
Personal Protective Equipment
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Personal protective equipment protects the rescuer from pathogens. Eye shields, gloves, surgical masks, contact gowns and booties may be used. Combined with frequent hand washing or use of alcohol-based sanitizers, rescuers can effectively protect themselves and their patients.
Healthy Lifestyle
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Rescuers must be in good health and able to perform routine duties, which include carrying equipment and moving patients. Effectively communicating with patients, co-workers and others involved with emergency scenes is also essential for safety.
Stress Management
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Three primary types of stress can affect a rescuer and his job performance. Acute stress occurs soon after a critical incident and may not require intervention. Delayed stress is triggered by an event, appearing long after a critical incident, requiring intervention. Cumulative stress results from constant exposure to low stresses, develops over years and requires intervention.
Critical Incident Debrief
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A critical incident debrief--a meeting between health care providers and clinical personnel--is held 24 to 72 hours after a critical incident, in which EMS personnel experience mass casualties or overwhelming numbers of injured persons. This process allows rescuers to speak openly and it helps with stress management.
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