How to Care for a Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patient in an Emergency

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes in which blood sugar raises to abnormally high levels, often due to illness or a lapse in insulin therapy. As blood sugar rises, the body does not have enough insulin to convert blood sugar to fuel. Instead, the body breaks down fat into fuel, which releases toxins into the bloodstream and can lead to ketoacidosis. This condition requires immediate medical attention, though supportive care can be given until emergency care is obtained.

Things You'll Need

• Blood glucose monitor

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Instructions

• 1

  Check blood sugar levels. Have the patient check his blood sugar level if he is able, or assist him if needed. Most diabetics have a pre-determined target blood sugar level as discussed with a physician. If the blood sugar reading is above that level, or over 300, place an immediate call to the patient's physician for advice.

• 2

  Call emergency services immediately if the diabetic patient is experiencing fatigue, extreme thirst, frequent urination, behavior changes, fruity smelling breath, unconsciousness, or a combination of these symptoms. The symptoms may be present in tandem with a high blood sugar reading. However, don't delay calling 911 based on blood sugar levels alone.

• 3

  Remove long sleeves or restrictive clothing from the patient. Diluting the blood with intravenous fluids to flush out toxins is one of the first steps in treating diabetic ketoacidosis, and many ambulance services will be able to perform this treatment. Removing restrictive clothing makes it easier for medical personnel to perform treatments as needed.

• 4

  Refrain from giving the patient insulin. Insulin therapy is carefully administered in a hospital setting to patients suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis.

• 5

  Assist the patient in lying on his side. This helps ensure comfort and safety should the patient become unconscious or begin to vomit. Keep the area around the patient free from sharp objects or anything that can harm him. Some patients experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis become combative, so ensure the surroundings are safe for both you and the patient.