Neurosurgeon vs. Orthopedic Surgeon

There is some confusion about the roles of neurosurgeons versus orthopedic surgeons, leaving many to wonder which doctor to consult. This is especially problematic when it comes to treatment of spinal injuries because both neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons operate on the spine. However, there are definite differences and similarities between the two specialties.

Neurosurgeons

• Neurosurgeons focus on treating central and peripheral nervous system diseases, which includes the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. They complete the longest residency requirement of any other medical specialty and during this training they will assist in many spinal procedures. Even though neurosurgeons are trained to operate on the brain, in most practices, they perform more spinal than brain surgeries. Neurosurgeons are certified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery.

Orthopedic Surgeons

• Orthopedic surgeons are trained to treat the musculoskeletal system, including trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases and other conditions. During their training, the amount of spinal surgery that orthopedic residents will participate in depends on the place where the residency takes place. Some hospitals have orthopedic surgeons performing a lot of spinal surgery while others might specialize more in joint surgery or sports medicine. Those pursuing orthopedic surgery seek certification from the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery.

Similarities

• Both types of surgeons are trained to perform spinal surgery. Neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons can both choose to pursue additional training after their residency to become specialized in treating the spine.

Differences

• Neurosurgeons are the only ones trained to perform procedures inside the lining of the spinal canal. There are specific medical conditions that require this expertise, including spinal cord tumors, cysts, Chiari malformation, arteriovenous malformation and spina bifida. Orthopedic surgeons are the specialists to consult for scoliosis and spinal deformities.

Choices

• There are medical conditions where the choice between neurosurgeon versus orthopedic surgeon is clear. Brain diseases and the conditions mentioned above clearly require a neurosurgeon. Issues related to muscles and bones, whether muscle tumors, broken bones or torn tendons, will require an orthopedic surgeon. The spinal cord is the primary area where their services overlap. The good news is that simply means that consumers have more choice. When looking for either type of surgeon, first be sure they are accredited by the appropriate organization. Beyond that, look for their area of specialty. If your medical problems are spine related, don't settle for a neurosurgeon that specializes in brain surgery or an orthopedic surgeon who does mostly joint surgery.