Preceptor Programs

Preceptor programs are forms of orientation for new nurses. Unlike other parts of an orientation, preceptor programs are overseen not by administrators or managers, but rather by other nurses who are only a little more experienced than the new staff. These preceptors are really peers who can help new nurses adjust to the rhythms and expectations of the workplace. They function as role models rather than coaches. A preceptor program does not take the place of an official orientation but rather complements it and enhances its effectiveness.

What Is a Preceptor?

• A preceptor is neither a coach, whose role is one of instruction, nor a mentor, whose role is one of giving advice and encouragement. Rather, a preceptor merges these two roles in coaching and mentoring a new nurse in the basic functions of the staff. The instruction given by a preceptor is unadorned with philosophy and is more concerned with helping the new staff member assimilate into a health care team that includes professionals and laborers with varying roles and personalities.

The Need for Preceptor Programs

• Preceptors are needed in order to successfully implement relationship-based care. This approach to health care focuses on the relationships between different staff members, between staff and patient and between staff and the patients' family members. The professional cooperation between a preceptor and a new nurse enables the latter to see examples of healthy interactions between all the parts of the health care team and the public. This is something that's difficult to teach adequately in an employee handbook or in a classroom.

How to Be a Preceptor

• A preceptor may or may not receive formal training. A prerequisite to eligibility for this role is a healthy interpersonal relationship with staff and the public, since one of the primary tasks of a preceptor is to model behavior. A preceptor also needs to show new nurses how to take care of themselves legally and emotionally in the workplace. Preceptors must be ready to share struggles that they overcame and insights they have gained during their employment.

Benefits of Preceptor Programs

• While nurse managers are crucial in recruiting nurses, it is the other nurses on staff who will help or hinder in retaining new nurses. If the preceptor can ease a new nurse's adjustment to the people on staff and the types of patients they serve, then the new nurse will likely want to continue working in the environment rather than grow frustrated and leave. Retaining more nurses ensures a higher overall level of experience and competency for any health care institution.