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OSHA HIV Requirements

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements for dealing with blood-borne pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) went into effect in March 1992. Although intended primarily for healthcare facilities, laboratories and emergency personnel, it also covers anyone who comes into contact with blood or infectious materials while on the job. It mandates a series of universal precautions such as hand washing and proper disposal of needles to lessen worker exposure to disease.

  1. OSHA Responsibilities

    • OSHA has been the agency in charge of guarding the safety and health of American workers since it was established in 1970. It covers private sector employers with one or more employees and federal civilian employees. Employers are responsible for providing a hazard-free workplace where employees have safe tools and equipment that is properly maintained. Regular inspections of workplace conditions will ensure that standards are maintained. Employers also pledge not to discriminate against employees who exercise their right to make a complaint to OSHA.

    Employer Duties

    • In dealing with HIV or other blood-borne pathogens, employers are required to develop a written exposure control plan, establish a hepatitis B vaccination program, provide hazard information and training, and maintain records of any exposure incidents. Practices such as wearing protective clothing and using puncture-proof receptacles for tainted needles and medical waste should be implemented. Employees must be supplied with personal protective equipment without charge, including masks, gowns, resuscitation bags and gloves.

    Exposure Control

    • Be prepared to handle exposures before they occur by having written plans for the tasks and procedures to follow after blood exposure and to evaluate any incidents that do occur. Minimize needlesticks and spraying or splashing blood and keep a written schedule for cleaning and decontamination after contact with blood or other infectious materials. Label specimens and regulated waste as contaminated before it is shipped to servicing facilities.

    After Exposure

    • An employee who has been exposed to HIV or other blood-borne pathogen is entitled to a free confidential medical evaluation, laboratory tests, postexposure treatment if warranted, and counseling. Records of the exposure must be kept for the duration of employment and 30 years afterward.

    Hazard Identification

    • The orange or orange-red biohazard symbol must be present on containers used to transport or store blood or on containers of regulated medical waste. Signs must be used in restricted areas of HIV research in laboratories and also in production facilities.

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