What resulted from the Nuremberg Doctors trial?

The Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, officially known as the United States of America v. Karl Brandt et al., was a military tribunal held by the United States after the end of World War II. The defendants were 23 German doctors and administrators who were charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity for conducting medical experiments on prisoners without their consent during the Nazi era.

The trial resulted in the following outcomes:

1. Seven defendants were found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging:

- Karl Brandt, personal physician to Adolf Hitler and Commissioner for Health and Sanitation

- Rudolf Brandt, personal secretary to Heinrich Himmler and SS chief of staff

- Karl Gebhardt, personal physician to Heinrich Himmler and head of the SS Medical Service

- Joachim Mrugowsky, head of the Public Health Department in the Reich Ministry of the Interior

- Wolfram Sievers, head of the Ahnenerbe, an SS research organization

- Viktor Brack, administrative head of the euthanasia program

- Waldemar Hoven, head of the experimental medicine department at the Dachau concentration camp

2. Nine defendants were found guilty and sentenced to prison terms ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment:

- Hermann Becker-Freyseng, head of the Department of Hygiene at the Robert Koch Institute

- Kurt Blome, head of the Malaria Institute of Dachau

- Kurt Brandt, head of the Public Health Department in the Reich Ministry of the Interior

- Wilhelm Beiglböck, head of the Institute for Aviation Medicine in Berlin

- Gerhard Rose, director of the Dachau concentration camp

- Fritz Fischer, head of the Hygiene Institute at the University of Königsberg

- Helmut Poppendick, head of the Institute for Military Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in Hamburg

- Siegfried Handloser, head of the Anatomy Department at the University of Kiel

- Karl Clauberg, head of the Institute for Experimental Biology and Therapy in Auschwitz

3. Seven defendants were found not guilty:

- Hans Eppinger, head of the Second Medical Department in the Reich Ministry of the Interior

- Hans Karl von Hasselbach, head of the Department of Physiology at the University of Heidelberg

- August Hirt, head of the Anatomical Institute at the University of Strasbourg

- Siegfried Ruff, head of the Institute for Hygiene at the University of Göttingen

- Franz Volhard, head of the Clinic for Internal Medicine at the University of Frankfurt am Main

- Heinz Karl Sorge, head of the Cancer Research Institute in Heidelberg

- Johannes Stein, chief medical officer at the Buchenwald concentration camp

The Nuremberg Doctors' Trial was a landmark event in the history of medical ethics and human rights. It established the principle of informed consent for medical research, which states that patients must give their voluntary and informed consent before participating in any medical experiments. This principle has become a fundamental ethical principle in medical research and practice worldwide.