What does acquired mean in medical terms?

Acquired, in medical terms, refers to a condition or disease that is not present at birth but is developed or contracted later in life. It essentially means something that is obtained or developed after birth, as opposed to being inherent or congenital. Acquired conditions can arise from various factors such as infections, injuries, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, or certain medical treatments.

Examples of acquired medical conditions include:

1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Caused by HIV infection, this condition is acquired through sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, or mother-to-child transmission.

2. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, it is acquired through close contact with someone with active TB, usually through respiratory droplets.

3. Type 2 Diabetes: This form of diabetes is acquired over time, often associated with factors like obesity, genetics, sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary choices.

4. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C: These liver infections are acquired through contact with infected bodily fluids, either through sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, or sharing needles.

5. Certain Cancers: While some cancers have genetic predispositions, many types of cancer can be acquired due to factors like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, certain occupational exposures, and chronic infections.

6. Allergic Conditions: Allergies, such as pollen allergies or food sensitivities, are typically acquired over time due to repeated exposures to specific allergens.

7. Chronic Diseases: Many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and some autoimmune disorders, can be acquired and develop over time due to genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and dietary factors.

8. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): This psychological condition is acquired as a result of experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

9. Substance Use Disorders: Addictions to drugs or alcohol are considered acquired conditions, as they develop through repeated substance abuse over time.

Acquired conditions can vary in their severity, duration, and prognosis, and may require different treatment approaches. It is essential for individuals to practice preventive measures, make healthy lifestyle choices, and seek appropriate medical attention when experiencing concerning symptoms to mitigate the risk of acquiring certain medical conditions.