Why do hospitals use steam to sterilize surgical equipment?

Hospitals use steam to sterilize surgical equipment because it is an effective and reliable method of killing microorganisms. Steam sterilization uses saturated steam under pressure to destroy all microorganisms, including spores, which are the dormant form of bacteria that can survive extreme conditions. The high temperature of the steam (at least 121 degrees Celsius or 250 degrees Fahrenheit) and pressure (at least 15 psi) quickly kills microorganisms by denaturing their proteins and disrupting their cell walls.

Steam sterilization is widely used in hospitals because it is:

- Effective: Steam sterilization is highly effective at killing microorganisms. It is capable of destroying even resistant spores that can withstand other methods of sterilization.

- Fast: Steam sterilization can sterilize surgical equipment quickly, typically within a few minutes to several hours, depending on the volume and density of the items.

- Penetrating: Steam can easily penetrate even complex and delicate instruments, ensuring effective sterilization.

- Reliable: Steam sterilization is a reliable method of sterilization that has been used and tested extensively in healthcare settings.

- Versatile: Steam sterilization can be used on a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and textiles, making it suitable for a wide range of surgical instruments and supplies.

- Non-toxic: Steam sterilization does not leave any toxic residues or byproducts, making it safe for use in healthcare environments.

- Cost-effective: Steam sterilization is relatively cost-effective compared to other sterilization methods.

Due to its efficacy, speed, reliability, versatility, and safety, steam sterilization is widely regarded as the gold standard for sterilizing surgical equipment and other heat-resistant medical devices in hospitals and healthcare facilities.