What is the purpose of a pap test?

A Pap test, also known as a Pap smear, is a screening procedure used to detect potentially precancerous or cancerous cells in the cervix. It is an important part of routine women's health care, and is recommended for women who have a cervix, typically starting at age 25 or earlier if certain risk factors are present.

The primary purpose of a Pap test is to identify abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The test aims to detect precancerous conditions called cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which can develop due to persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).

During a Pap test, a healthcare professional uses a small brush or spatula to collect a sample of cells from the cervix. This sample is then transferred to a slide and sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination. A pathologist or cytologist will analyze the cells to identify any abnormal changes that could indicate the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells.

If the results of the Pap test show abnormal or concerning findings, further tests or procedures may be recommended to determine the extent and severity of the abnormalities. This could involve a repeat Pap test, a colposcopy (a closer examination of the cervix using magnification), or a biopsy (where a small tissue sample is taken for examination under a microscope).

Early detection of cervical abnormalities through Pap tests enables healthcare professionals to take timely action and provide appropriate treatment or management, such as removing abnormal or precancerous cells before they can develop into invasive cervical cancer. This helps reduce the risk of cervical cancer and improves the overall health and well-being of individuals with a cervix.