Symptoms of Grief

Relationships affect people both physically and psychologically. Without exception, each of us must eventually deal with the loss of a family member or close friend. Typically, the loss results in an initial period of mourning that lessens gradually as time passes and the death is accepted. However, for some individuals, the grieving process is more complicated and requires professional attention.

Symptoms of Grief

• The symptoms of normal grief are similar to those of deeper, more complicated grief and include intense sorrow, withdrawal from normal routines and social activities and a strong focus on the loss of the loved one. Some feel that life no longer has meaning, and they have difficulty moving forward, often bitter about the death and lose trust in others. A desire to join the loved one in death also may develop. Normal grief symptoms gradually fade, but complicated grief worsens, producing intense emotions that make it extremely difficult to resume a normal life. Medical help should be sought if symptoms don't diminish or if the they linger more than a few months after the loss.

Risk Factors

• The specific risk factors for complicated grief are unknown, but it often can be attributed to the sudden loss of a family member or friend. Unexpected death gives no opportunity to "prepare" for the passing, and suicide or violent deaths seem to cause a deeper reaction. The death of a child can leave a parent with unfounded feelings of guilt. Other risk factors include childhood trauma, such as neglect or abuse, separation anxiety, lack of close friends or a support system and an inability to adapt to life changes.

Diagnosis

• Major depression and complicated grief have many similarities, but the latter isn't recognized as a disorder by mental health professionals. According to Mayo Clinic, studies of those who appear to be suffering from complicated grief generally have two unique symptoms that set it apart from depression: Individuals left behind are consumed by the loss, unable to function in their daily lives and they don't accept that the death actually happened. Some professionals consider complicated grief to be that which lasts six months or longer without noticeable improvement, although the cases vary by individual.

Treatment of Grief

• Treatment of grief can come in the form of psychotherapy, medications or a combination. Psychotherapy provides a way for the survivor to learn or improve processing of emotions and coping skills, and it helps to let go of guilt. Discussing topics such as symptoms, life adjustments and refocusing on goals can help to work through grief. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to decrease symptoms.

Grief Management

• When learning to manage grief, turning to alcohol and drugs can result in more turmoil. Individuals who suffer from grief should ideally stick to an agreed plan of treatment, get regular physical exercise to relieve stress, eat well, get plenty of rest, and socialize. Spiritual leaders can offer guidance, and support groups are available to share experiences, offer comfort and provide friendships. Plan ahead for dates and anniversaries that bring reminders of the loved one and find alternate ways to celebrate those days that will bring you peace and comfort.