How is bipolar 1 diagnosed?

Bipolar 1 disorder is diagnosed based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association. The diagnosis is made by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist, after a thorough evaluation of the individual's symptoms, history, and behavior.

The specific criteria for a bipolar 1 disorder diagnosis, according to the DSM-5, include:

A. Manic or Mixed Episodes:

- At least one manic episode or mixed episode (a combination of manic and depressive symptoms).

B. Mood Episodes:

- The manic or mixed episode(s) has/have caused significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.

C. Duration of Episodes:

- The manic episode(s) has/have lasted for at least 7 days. Mixed episodes last at least 1 day and include both elevated and depressed symptoms.

D. Exclusion of Other Causes:

- The symptoms are not solely due to the direct effects of a substance (e.g., drug abuse, medications) or a general medical condition.

E. Number of Episodes:

- Bipolar 1 disorder is diagnosed if the individual has had one or more manic episodes and/or mixed episodes.

Additionally, the following criteria also need to be considered:

1. Pattern of Episodes:

- Bipolar 1 disorder is distinguished from bipolar 2 disorder by the presence of at least one manic episode, in contrast to depressive episodes only in bipolar 2.

2. Course and Prognosis:

- The course of the illness is characterized by episodes of mania or mixed episodes, with or without periods of depression.

3. Family History:

- A family history of bipolar disorder or related conditions may be taken into consideration.

It's important to note that a single manic or mixed episode may not be enough for a bipolar 1 diagnosis, and a mental health professional will assess the individual's overall pattern of symptoms and episodes to make an accurate diagnosis. Bipolar disorder can be complex, and a correct diagnosis is crucial to receive appropriate treatment and support.