Definition and Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes severe changes in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to function on a daily basis. It is a long-term condition that must be managed throughout a person's life.

Symptoms

• People suffering from bipolar disorder experience intense emotional states that occur in distinct periods called manic and depressive episodes. Psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions may be present during severe manic or depressive episodes.

Diagnosis

• The first step for diagnosis of bipolar disorder is a physical examination, an interview, and lab tests, followed by a mental health evaluation or consultation with a psychiatrist. The National Institute of Mental Health states that bipolar disorder cannot currently be identified through a blood test or a brain scan, although these tests may rule out other conditions such as a stroke or brain tumor.

Treatment

• There is no known cure for biopolar disorder--it must be managed over time. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, mood stabilizing medications, atypical antipsychotic medications and antidepressant medications are all options for treatment.


Risk Factors

• Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, and research is ongoing to determine which genes may increase the risk for developing the illness. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, children with a parent or sibling who has bipolar disorder are four to six times more likely to develop the illness, compared with children who do not have a family history of bipolar disorder.

Related Illnesses

• Substance abuse problems are very common among people suffering from bipolar disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Anxiety disorders, social phobia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are also more likely to co-exist with bipolar disorder.