Systems Approach to Bipolar Disorder

Systems theory focuses on the interaction between individuals and the environment. This theory is commonly used to explain and design treatment programs for bipolar disorder.

Definition

• A system is an entity that possesses physical and/or mental energy. Examples of systems involved in bipolar disorder include families, peer groups, hospitals, social service agencies and schools.

Function

• A systems approach focuses on the interactions between systems involved with bipolar disorder. Examples include government funding of mental health clinics, personal beliefs regarding mental health services and mental health clinics and the relationship between social services agencies and their clients.

Causes

• Systems theory acknowledges biological causes of bipolar disorder, such as genetics and neurotransmitter imbalances, but focuses more on environmental influences on bipolar disorder. Occupational stress, lack of adequate housing, few social supports and turbulent relationships may influence the onset of bipolar disorder.

Policy

• Policymakers following a systems approach look at the effects of a policy change on the individual and society as a whole. For example, a policy that eliminates housing assistance would likely lead to an increase in severity of symptoms, rates of homelessness and substance abuse for individuals with bipolar disorder, which could potentially lead to increases in job loss, an increased reliance on public assistance such as SSI and food stamps, and increased rates of psychiatric hospitalization.

Treatment

• Treatment for bipolar disorder from a systems theory perspective focuses on helping the individual obtain and maintain social supports, and locate community resources to help with finding housing, health coverage and other necessary resources.