How is the self maintained?

The self is maintained through a variety of psychological processes, including:

- Selective attention: We tend to pay more attention to information that is consistent with our self-concept and ignore information that is inconsistent. This helps us to maintain a positive view of ourselves.

- Confirmation bias: We tend to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms our existing beliefs about ourselves. This can lead us to ignore or downplay information that challenges our self-concept.

- Self-serving bias: We tend to attribute our successes to our own abilities and our failures to external factors. This helps us to maintain a sense of self-esteem.

- Social comparison: We compare ourselves to others in order to evaluate our own self-worth. This can help us to maintain a positive self-concept if we compare ourselves to people who are less successful than we are, or to feel negative about ourselves if we compare ourselves to people who are more successful.

- Self-esteem regulation: We engage in a variety of behaviors to regulate our self-esteem, such as seeking out positive feedback from others, avoiding situations that threaten our self-concept, and setting realistic goals for ourselves.

These processes help us to maintain a consistent and positive self-concept, even in the face of challenges and negative feedback.