Factors Influencing Psychological Communication

A small percentage of psychological communication is transmitted through literal words, while the majority takes place through nonverbal cues. When literal words contradict a speaker's nonverbal communication, most people will instinctively trust the nonverbal cues. Consider several different elements of psychological communication to get the bigger picture.

Words

• The actual words individuals choose will often reflect what they trying to convey mentally and consciously. If communication is taking place in public or with someone the individual is not yet close to, these words will frequently fall under the influence of what he believes is appropriate or acceptable according to social standards. This fact contributes to the dampened effect words have on psychological communication, especially when the speaker's true meaning contradicts the spoken words.

Tone of Voice

• Tone of voice carries a lot of weight in the process of psychological communication. Whether the tone is disappointed, angry, enthusiastic or monotone can clue the listener in to the true meaning behind the spoken words. For example, when two people are competing for the same prize and one loses,congratulating the winner is customary. The loser may say, "I'm so happy for you," but her voice may sound robotic or choked up with tears, communicating that she's actually not that happy.

Facial Expression

• Facial expression and eye contact provide another dimension to nonverbal psychological communication. These expressions can include a raised eyebrow, lines across the forward, a one-sided smirk or a scrunched up nose. Sometimes, listeners react instinctively, which will make their true sentiments clear. However, common etiquette calls for "correcting" the facial expression quickly to make it appear agreeable. Consistent eye contact can show engagement and interest, while wandering eye contact can communicate boredom. Averting the eyes can imply guilt or discomfort.

Body Language

• The way people hold their body and use physical gestures during communication can speak volumes about their true meaning. The body may appear tense and rigid, and the individual may clench his fists or wring his hands, signalling anxiety or possibly anger. Slouched shoulders and a lifeless posture can indicated boredom. Using a lot of gestures, such as "talking with the hands," can indicate sincere engagement in the conversation.